![]() ![]() Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth, innovation, and infrastructure. It is the lowest-ranking South American nation in the Global Terrorism Index, and ranks second in South America on economic freedom, income equality, per-capita income, and inflows of FDI. Uruguay is ranked first in the Americas for democracy, and first in Latin America in peace, low perception of corruption, and e-government. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century, culminating in the 1973 coup d'état, which established a civic-military dictatorship. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics. Uruguay won its independence between 18, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. The Spanish founded Montevideo as a military stronghold in the early 18th century because of the competing claims over the region. Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. There are also other tribes Guarani, Chaná when the Portuguese first established Colónia do Sacramento in 1680. The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charrúa people. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of hunter–gatherers 13,000 years ago. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898 sq mi) and has a population of around 3.4 million, of whom nearly 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. ![]() Uruguay ( / ˈ jʊər ə ɡ w aɪ/ ⓘ YOOR-ə-gwy, Spanish: ⓘ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Republic East of the Uruguay ( Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.
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